Top 7 nutrition facts and health benefits of avocado

Rich taste, creamy texture, and undeniably filling — these are just a few reasons why avocados are incredibly popular. What’s more, they are nutritious, versatile, and may even help you lose weight.

Read on to learn everything you want to know about avocados, including the best ways to enjoy them.

1. Is avocado a fruit or a vegetable?

Avocados are usually grouped with vegetables because they aren’t sweet and are typically used in salads, guacamole, and savory dishes.

However, the avocado is technically a fruit that grows on the Persea americana tree that is native to Mexico and Central America.¹ Today, avocados are also grown in several other regions, including the US.

Avocados are high in fat — another feature that’s uncommon in fruits, with the exception of olives and coconut. In fact, in addition to being nicknamed “alligator pear” for their dark, leathery skin, avocados are sometimes called “butter pear” due to the creamy texture and rich taste of the fruit inside.

Yet they do have some features in common with other fruits. Like mangos, peaches, and dates, avocados contain one large seed or pit in their center.

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2. Avocados are rich in nutrients

Avocados have an impressive nutrition profile. A 100-gram (3.5-ounce) portion (half a large avocado) provides:²

• 15 grams of natural fat
• 2 grams of protein
• 9 grams of total carbohydrates, including 7 grams from fiber
• 160 calories
• 485 mg of potassium, or 14% of the recommended daily intake (RDI). This is more than you’d get from a medium banana — and with a lot less sugar.
• Avocados are also a good source of vitamin C, folate, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), vitamin E, and magnesium.

In addition, they contain phytochemicals (“plant chemicals”) which may potentially provide health benefits, based on observational, test tube and animal studies. However, more research is needed to confirm their effects in humans.³

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3. Potential health benefits of avocados

Avocado consumption has been linked to several positive health changes:

• Improved lipid profile: One systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) — considered the strongest level of scientific evidence — found that eating avocados lowered people’s LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels and raised their HDL levels.⁴ However, some of these changes may not occur in everyone who increases their avocado intake.⁵
• Decreased oxidation of LDL: In a recent trial, people with elevated LDL cholesterol who consumed one avocado daily for five weeks achieved a significant decrease in oxidized (damaged) small, dense LDL particles — the type considered to have the strongest link to heart disease.⁶
• Better absorption of fat-soluble vitamins: In one study, when healthy adults ate avocado with a meal containing tomato sauce or carrots, they absorbed more beta-carotene (a precursor to vitamin A found in plants) and converted 4 to 12 times more of that beta-carotene to vitamin A, compared to eating identical meals without avocado.⁷⁸
  This effect is particularly beneficial for vegans and some vegetarians, because vitamin A is only found in animal sources like fatty fish, organ meats, and dairy. Therefore, they depend more on the natural conversion of beta carotene to vitamin A.

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4. Avocados are high in fiber

Avocados provide an excellent source of soluble and insoluble fiber.⁹ In fact, they’re at the top of our list of 15 high-fiber foods.

In systematic reviews of randomized trials, fiber has been found to help lower blood sugar and LDL cholesterol.¹⁰ It can also be helpful for reducing constipation and improving symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).¹¹

Adding a large avocado to a meal — or dividing it among two meals — is an easy and delicious way to get an impressive 14 grams of fiber.

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5. Avocados are low in carbs

A growing number of high-quality studies demonstrate that low-carb diets can help people lose weight and achieve better type 2 diabetes control.¹²

If you’re cutting back on carbs, eating avocado can help you stay within your daily carb budget.

A 100-gram serving (about half a large avocado) contains 9 grams of total carbohydrates. However, 7 of those carbs are fiber, which your body’s digestive tract can’t digest and absorb.¹³

Therefore, half an avocado contains only 2 grams of net carbs, also known as digestible carbs.¹⁴ This makes avocado an ideal food to enjoy regularly on a low-carb or keto diet.

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6. How many calories does an avocado have?

An avocado contains about 250-320 calories, depending on its size. Although avocados are considered fairly high in calories, they’re also very filling due to being high in both fat and fiber.¹⁵

Unlike some other foods, avocados are pretty hard to overeat (unless it is guacamole with chips.) What’s more, their calories come with important nutrients.

At Diet Doctor, we don’t recommend counting calories to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Instead, we advise you to make your calories count by choosing nutritious, satisfying foods — like avocado.

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7. Avocados may be helpful for weight loss

Avocados have a reputation for being fattening. Yet results from studies don’t support this idea.¹⁶ In fact, research suggests that eating avocado may help rather than hinder weight loss by making you feel full.

A 2013 trial showed that adding avocado to a meal helped participants feel full for several hours.¹⁷

Recent similar crossover trials have found that, because of its combo of fat and fiber, including avocado at a meal triggers greater release of “fullness” hormones like PYY and GLP-1 that play a strong role in making people feel satisfied.¹⁸

Of course, the rest of your diet will have a large influence on your weight. Adding avocado slices to a burger and fries or eating guacamole with chips likely won’t help you lose weight. But including avocado as part of a healthy diet might be a good strategy for successful weight loss.

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How to choose a ripe avocado

When selecting an avocado, first look at the color. Avocados that are darker green are riper than those with lighter, brighter green skin. However, if they appear nearly black, they may be overly ripe.

Although color can give you a clue about an avocado’s ripeness, checking its firmness is the only way to know for sure.

Pick up a medium-dark avocado, hold it in the palm of your hand, and gently press it with your thumb. Its ripeness will be reflected in how it feels:

• Unripe: If the avocado feels hard and does not yield to your thumb’s pressure, it isn’t ripe yet. It will ripen in anywhere from 2-5 days, depending on the temperature and humidity in your home.
• Nearly ripe: An avocado that’s almost ripe is slightly soft but does not yet yield to pressure. It will ripen in 1 to 2 days.
• Ripe: If the avocado yields to gentle pressure with your thumb and feels soft but not mushy, it is ripe and ready to eat that day. Refrigerating it once you’re home can extend its shelf life for a day or so.
• Overripe: An avocado that is past its peak feels extremely soft and mushy. Avoid.

How ripe you want your avocados to be will also depend on what you’re using them for. If you plan to make that day, it’s important to choose ripe avocados, whereas a nearly ripe one is your best bet for tomorrow’s lunch or dinner.

To speed up the ripening process, place an avocado in a brown paper bag and keep it on your countertop for 1-2 days or until it is ripe.

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The best way to cut an avocado

Did you know that every year thousands of people in the US go to the emergency department with hand injuries from cutting avocados? This even has a name: avocado hand.¹⁹

When cutting a whole avocado, follow these easy steps to safely get the best results:

1. Place the avocado lengthwise on a cutting board (not in the palm of your hand).
2. As you hold the avocado steady on the board with one hand, use a sharp chef’s knife to slice down the center lengthwise until you hit the pit. Then rotate the avocado, keeping the knife steady, making a cut all around the pit. Place the knife down.
3. Pick up the avocado and twist the two halves apart. Use a spoon to scoop out the pit. (Don’t stab it with the knife.)
4. If you’re only using half of the avocado now, keep the pit in to help prevent the other half from browning. Place the half that contains the pit in a sealed container or plastic bag and refrigerate until ready to use later that day or the next.

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Including avocados at meals and in recipes

Here are a few ideas for enjoying avocado:

• Add diced avocado to salads, soup, or chili
• Top an omelet with sliced avocado
• Mix canned salmon or hard-boiled eggs with avocado, mash well, and stuff into the avocado skin
• Make fresh guacamole and enjoy with bell pepper slices, celery, or other crudites as a dip.

Also, be sure to check out some of our most popular recipes featuring avocado:

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Summary

Avocados are delicious, nutritious, exceptionally filling, and may provide some health benefits. Plus, they can be included in a wide variety of diets.

Many people worry that they contain too many calories or are fattening, but as part of a healthy diet they may help with weight loss. Plus, their fiber can be good for digestion, blood lipids, and blood glucose.

Enjoy this remarkably versatile “alligator pear” at any time of day or year. Just be careful when you cut them.

/ Franziska Spritzler, RD, CDE